Abstract
Due to the persistent issue of blockchain scala-bility, sharding was established as a database splitting approach utilized by blockchain systems to improve scalability. Sharding in blockchain systems presents several challenges, including security, cross-shard communication, and scalability. A significant quantity of study has been conducted in these sub-areas. However, no new research has been conducted that looks deeper into the issues in each area. This survey provides a concise overview of current concepts and challenges in sharded blockchain systems. We explore distributed systems, blockchain technology, sharding and related concepts. We analyzed 14 papers and divided the findings into two categories: concepts and challenges. The following is how the paper is organized: The first section introduces the concepts of sharding, distributed systems, and blockchain technology, the following sections discuss the challenges and relevant algorithms. Finally, we compare the challenges to present results.
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