Shaping Sustainable Energy Use in Chinese Cities

Abstract

A significant share of future urban energy consumption is predetermined when land-use and urban form are designated. Community Energy Management (CEM) is a sustainable energy strategy which looks at how shaping the built environment and designing urban services in consideration of energy production, distribution and use could affect both the long term demand for energy and the type of energy supplied. This energy policy perspective is particularly relevant to China as that country is experiencing rapid urbanisation and significant urban air quality issues. A spreadsheet model is used to evaluate aggregate energy-related emissions in the year 2015 from two alternative scenarios of urban growth throughout China. The model focuses on how energy demand, residential energy technology penetration and transportation mode choices are affected by factors of density and mix of use in neighbourhood development. Results from this exercise suggest that China can achieve urban residential and transportation emission reductions of approximately 14% for CO2, 10% for SO2, 40% for NOX and 14% for particulate emissions in 2015 by adopting certain aspects of CEM. Issues around the implementation of CEM are also addressed in this study by examining key institutional and policy issues involved in land-use planning, site and building design, alternative energy supply and transportation management. Recommendations and implementation strategies are suggested.