Abstract

This work describes the use of proton radiography and continuum simulations to investigate the mechanics of a copper jet penetrating unconfined ALON® transparent ceramic. Use of proton radiography enabled characterization of the jet and ceramic material at 21 time steps, in situ, throughout the penetration process. These radiographs provide time-evolution data pertaining to the material densities, cavity growth, and material failure. The data were compared to legacy analytical penetration models and to a simulation of the event computed using a continuum multi-physics code. These comparisons revealed additional insights into the penetration mechanics as well as strengths and weaknesses of the computational algorithms and material models used in the simulations.

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