Abstract
Porous carbon nanosheets (PCNSs), porous carbon nanofibers (PCNFs), and flowerlike porous carbon microspheres (FPCMs) were successfully synthesized through a carbonization method combined with a simple acid pickling treatment using calcium citrate as the precursor. The as-prepared products show uniform morphologies, in which the FPCMs are self-assembled from PCNSs. As anodes of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, these carbon materials deliver a stable reversible capacity above 515 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at 100 mA g−1. Compared with PCNSs and PCNFs, FPCMs demonstrate preferable rate capability (378 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1) and cyclability (643 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1). These results suggest that an appropriate select of morphology and structure will significantly improve the lithium storage capacity. The study also indicates that the novel shape-controlled porous carbon materials have potential applications as electrode materials in electronic devices.
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