Shape-variable four-petal Gaussian vortex breathers in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media

Abstract

In this paper, we mainly investigate the propagation properties of shape-variable four-petal Gaussian vortex breathers in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media. The analytical expression of the shape-variable four-petal Gaussian vortex breather is derived in Cartesian coordinate system by means of mathematical integral method. A series of evolution properties are described analytically and numerically, such as the transverse intensity pattern, the phase distribution, the variation of the second-order moment beam width, and the on-axis light intensity. It is found that the topological charge number and the beam order of the shape-variable four-petal Gaussian vortex breather play important roles in the propagation process, and their effects on the propagation properties of the shape-variable four-petal Gaussian vortex breather are discussed graphically.