Abstract
Morphologically controlled four different catalysts namely nanosphere, caterpillar, pseudo octahedron, and cube-shaped cobalt oxide (Co3O4) are prepared via a facile hydrothermal method. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a support for the nanocatalysts due to the high surface area and efficiency. So, the differently shaped Co3O4 is supported on rGO, and catalytic properties are analyzed. Further, the structurally different Co3O4 nanocrystals are used to catalyze the Ullmann C–O and C–S coupling reactions. In the present work, the catalytic activities of different shaped Co3O4 are compared, and the order of activity of the catalysts is caterpillar > pseudo octahedron > cube > sphere. Besides, the high catalytic efficacy of caterpillar-shaped Co3O4 loaded on rGO enhances the activity further. Interestingly, 20 wt% of Co3O4/rGO exhibits high catalytic activity in the coupling reactions. Hence, this study explains the effect of the catalyst shapes and support material on superior conversions in organic reactions.
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