Abstract
Isopropylation of biphenyl (BP) over [Al]-SSZ-31, a large-pore, one-dimensional zeolite has been studied. Effects of temperature, pressure and SiO2/Al2O3 ratio were examined. SSZ-31 was found to be an active catalyst in the isopropylation of biphenyl with propylene. The selectivity for 4-isopropylbiphenyl (4-IPBP) and 4,4′-diisopropylbiphenyl (4,4′-DIPB) was high among isopropylbiphenyl (IPBP) and diisopropylbiphenyl (DIPB) isomers, respectively, indicating SSZ-31 shows shape-selective catalysis. The selectivity for 4,4′-DIPB decreased with temperature increase; correspondingly the selectivity for thermodynamically more stable isomers (3,3′- and 3,4′ DIPB) increased with temperature. The yield of IPBP isomers decreased while that of DIPB isomers increased with temperature increase. Pressure showed less effect on conversion; however, increase in pressure suppresses the isomerization of 4,4′-DIPB to 3,3′- and 3,4′-DIPB. Conversion decreased with increase in SiO2/Al2O3 ratio. At low SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 136, relatively high triisopropylbiphenyl (TriIPB) isomers were formed in bulk products and their amount decreased with increase in SiO2/Al2O3 ratio.
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