Abstract
The optimum design of structures under static loads is well-known in the design world; however, structural optimization under dynamic loading faces many challenges in real applications. Issues such as the time-dependent behavior of constraints, changing the design space in the time domain, and the cost of sensitivities could be mentioned. Therefore, optimum design under dynamic loadings is a challenging task. In order to perform efficient structural shape optimization under earthquake loadings, the finite element-based approximation method for the transformation of earthquake loading into the equivalent static loads (ESLs) is proposed. The loads calculated using this method are more accurate and reliable than those obtained using the building regulations. The shape optimization of the structures is then carried out using the obtained ESLs. The proposed methodologies are transformed into user-friendly computer code, and their capabilities are demonstrated using numerical examples.
Highlights
Most of the forces in the real world are dynamic in nature; in addition, their magnitudes are variable in the time domain
Static loads could be utilized as a substitute for earthquake loadings, if they produce the same responses as the dynamic loads at the arbitrary time
Application of dynamic coefficients or factors is a common way for transformation of dynamic loadings into static ones
Summary
Most of the forces in the real world are dynamic in nature; in addition, their magnitudes are variable in the time domain. Researchers have worked for many years in this field to determine the simple methods for optimum design of structures under such loads (Kang et al 2006). Dynamic response optimization is still difficult due to the large amounts of computational time required for analyses and gradient calculations. For large-scale structures such as buildings and dams, the optimum design under dynamic loadings seems to be impossible, because difficulties arise in treating time-dependent behavior of constraints and objective functions. The dynamic response optimization studies using the above methods are limited to small cases with few degrees of freedoms and for very simple loadings such as impacts. The optimum design of large-scale structures under earthquake loadings can be obtained by the proposed method
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