Abstract
Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have demonstrated the potential forvarious smart structure applications. SMAs undergo a reversiblephase transformation from martensite to austenite as temperatureincreases. This transformation leads to shape recovery andassociated recovery strains. If SMA actuators are embedded offthe neutral surface and are oriented at arbitrary angles withrespect to a beam axis, then the beam bends and twists due tothe coupling effects of recovery strains activated. In thisstudy, the shape changes by bending and twisting of a SMA/graphite/epoxy beam controlled by both electric resistiveheating and passive elastic tailoring were investigated.Three-dimensional finite-element formulations were derived andvalidated to analyze the responses of the SMA/composite beam.Numerical results show that the shape of the SMA/graphite/epoxycomposite beam can be controlled by judicious choices of control temperatures, SMA angles and elastic tailoring.
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