Abstract
Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) were synthesized in an aqueous environment via the reduction of K2PdCl4 by a surfactant under a high temperature. Highly monodisperse spherical PdNPs and multi-pod PdNPs with a controlled size ranging from 18 to 50 nm were prepared in high yields by varying the concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride. The structural and optical properties of the synthesized Pd NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and UV–vis spectroscopy. The spherical and multi-pod PdNPs exhibited catalytic properties that were unique to their size and shape and presented efficient electrocatalytic activities toward the ethanol oxidation reaction.
Highlights
Palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) have recently attracted growing attention due to their effective catalytic abilities in a range of reactions, in addition to their electrocatalytic activities in fuel cells, and their potential for application in hydrogen storage materials [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
The catalytic performance, shape, crystal structure and size of the Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) are confirmed by ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD)
NPs, the reducing agent and the capping agent were incorporated into the same molecule of poly(diallyl dimethylammonium) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) under high temperature conditions [17]
Summary
Palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) have recently attracted growing attention due to their effective catalytic abilities in a range of reactions (e.g., the Suzuki coupling reaction), in addition to their electrocatalytic activities in fuel cells, and their potential for application in hydrogen storage materials [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. Control of NPs with the size and shape appears to be important in terms of controlling their crystal growth and reduction rate This can be performed by varying the concentrations as the metal precursors, the use of capping agents and stabilizers, the application of reducing agents and variation in the solvent, temperature, pH and external ionicity [13]. Such size and shape control is important in the context of catalytic reactions. The catalytic performance, shape, crystal structure and size of the PdNPs are confirmed by ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD)
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