Abstract

have been able to study it in a truly quantitative way, and we've been able to establish that the early universe was hot and dense. In 1950, on a BBC radio show, the British astronomer Fred Hoyle coined the term for a hot, dense early universe. At the time, he was an advocate of the alternate steady-state model of the universe, and he wanted to make fun of the competing model, so he called it the model. The name stuck, and we've been using it ever since. For those of you who do not know what the Big Bang is, we'll start with a discussion of distance scales in cosmology. The amount of distance we're going to be talking about is not like the Earth-Sun distance; that is very tiny. It's not even comparable to the size of our galaxy, which is tiny (it takes light 30,000 years to get from the center of our galaxy to us). It's even larger than the distance to the nearest big galaxy, the farthest thing you can

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