Abstract
<p>According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, global warming is expected with temperature rise and changes in the rainfall in tropical regions, including soil warming, which may lead losses to perennial plants. This phenomenon causes researchers to search through science alternatives in order to minimize these impacts. The objective in this research was to evaluate the cultivation of different plants in a intercropping for the coffee tree shading and its influence on the seedlings establishment, development, coffee growth and the maintenance of lower soil temperatures. The experiment was carried out at the Santa Felicidade Site, Campestre - municipality - South of MG , located at 21 ° 43’ 12 “South and 46 ° 14’ 46” West at an altitude of 1.106 meters. The cultivar used was the Catuai IAC 144, was intercropped with the following species: maize (Zea mays L.), guandu (Cajanus cajan L.), crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis L.), mucuna (Stizolobium aterrimun) and control without any intercrop, totaling five treatments. The plants sowing for shading was performed using a manual planter and the planting was done in 4 plots per treatment, totaling 20 experimental units in a randomized block design with 14 coffee plants per plot. The 10 central plants were analyzed. At the end of the experiment, the following characteristics were evaluated: seedlings establishment, growth in height, average length of plagiotropic branches, number of internodes in plagiotropic branches, coffee canopy and soil temperature. The data were statistically interpreted by means of variance analysis. The means were grouped by the Scott Knott test at 5% probability using the statistical software SISVAR®. According to the results obtained the shading plants in intercropped with the coffee tree managed in the post-planting and first-year phases contributed to a better coffee tree development, observed mainly in the treatments using the Crotalaria and Guandu species.</p>
Highlights
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2013), in several reports released about global warming forecast have been highlighting the rise in temperature on the planet and serious changes in the rainfall regime, especially in the tropical regions (PENEREIRO and MESCHIATTI, 2018)
Due to the sustainable promotion importance of the coffee crop, the current concern with the predictions of negative climate changes to the activity development and the search for alternatives that minimize these climatic impacts, the realization of this research project aimed to evaluate the cultivation of different plants in intercropped for shading of the coffee tree and its influence on the seedlings establishment, development, coffee growth and the maintenance of lower soil temperatures
Regarding the average length of plagiotropic branches, the treatment containing crotalaria at 50 cm from the soil there was a statistically significant difference with an increase of 42% when compared to the control treatment plot and obtaining a lower result when planting intercalary corn
Summary
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2013), in several reports released about global warming forecast have been highlighting the rise in temperature on the planet and serious changes in the rainfall regime, especially in the tropical regions (PENEREIRO and MESCHIATTI, 2018). According to Miranda (2016) for coffee cultivation, the effects of these climatic changes besides promoting a reduction of crop areas can lead to large production losses in the harvests of this product. Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) originated in the African continent, Ethiopia, formerly Abyssinia (SANTOS, LIMA and CARVALHO, 2016), normally developing under tropical sub-forest conditions under the shade of native tree species of the region. In this way, it is verified that coffee is adapted to shaded environments, according to Paiva, Guimarães and Souza, (2003), which can be explained due to the fact that it has a metabolic pathway of type C3
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