Abstract
Resumo Objetivo Explorar e compreender as experiências sexuais de gestantes durante a gravidez. Métodos O estudo foi realizado em dois centros de saúde no Distrito Sanitário de Almería, sul da Espanha. Os participantes incluíram gestantes que receberam atendimento pré-natal e/ou educação para maternidade. Os critérios de inclusão foram estar grávida, manter atividade sexual e concordar em participar do estudo. Os critérios de exclusão foram ter limitações na atividade sexual por prescrição médica. A amostra foi composta por 15 gestantes selecionadas por meio de amostra de conveniência, das quais cinco participaram de grupo focal (GF) e 10 de entrevistas em profundidade (EP). Os dados foram coletados entre os meses de junho e dezembro de 2016. Os participantes foram contatados pelo pesquisador principal e foi realizada uma consulta para conduzir o GF ou EP. Resultados Três categorias principais emergiram: Falsas crenças e uma abordagem holística da sexualidade durante a gravidez, que está relacionada ao conceito de sexualidade, falsas crenças e aconselhamento sexual limitado durante a gravidez. Limitações: Do medo no início à dificuldade física no final, referindo-se às flutuações no desejo sexual, bem como às mudanças físicas que limitam a atividade sexual. Adaptação às mudanças: práticas seguras e satisfação com a imagem corporal, que engloba preocupações com os riscos e a relação entre imagem corporal e autoestima. Conclusão A falta de aconselhamento sexual durante a gravidez leva à criação de falsas crenças, que, juntamente com mudanças físicas, preocupações com o risco e flutuações no desejo e interesse sexual, provocam uma diminuição na atividade sexual. Mas a sexualidade permanece um aspecto importante da gravidez, em relação ao qual os participantes devem adotar uma abordagem mais ampla e não limitada ao ato sexual, além de adotar práticas adaptadas às mudanças físicas e emocionais que ocorrem durante esse período.
Highlights
Gestation is the period that takes place between fertilization and childbirth, which causes physical, hormonal, emotional, psychological, social, and sexual changes in a woman.[1,2] As a result, pregnancy generates expectations and doubts about being able to deal with these changes and respond to this new situation. [3] In addition, pregnancy generates positive feelings, such a joy, but at the same time, negative feelings, such as depression,(4) fear and anxiety,(5) that can have negative repercussions on the expectant woman and her partners’ sex life.[6]
(3) In the third trimester, physical limitations due to body size and shape and the pressure on the uterus limit sexual activity.[10,12] many studies focus on subjects such as reproductive health, miscarriage,(16) sexual education from a preventive standpoint[17,18] and the biological aspects of sexuality during pregnancy,(3) there is a lack of research about the subjective, emotional and experiential dimension of women during this period.[11]
48 units of meaning, six subcategories, and three categories emerged. They reflected the perceptions of expectant mothers about their sexual experience during their pregnancy (Chart 1)
Summary
Gestation is the period that takes place between fertilization and childbirth, which causes physical, hormonal, emotional, psychological, social, and sexual changes in a woman.[1,2] As a result, pregnancy generates expectations and doubts about being able to deal with these changes and respond to this new situation. [3] In addition, pregnancy generates positive feelings, such a joy, but at the same time, negative feelings, such as depression,(4) fear and anxiety,(5) that can have negative repercussions on the expectant woman and her partners’ sex life.[6]. Gestation is the period that takes place between fertilization and childbirth, which causes physical, hormonal, emotional, psychological, social, and sexual changes in a woman.[1,2] As a result, pregnancy generates expectations and doubts about being able to deal with these changes and respond to this new situation. [3] In addition, pregnancy generates positive feelings, such a joy, but at the same time, negative feelings, such as depression,(4) fear and anxiety,(5) that can have negative repercussions on the expectant woman and her partners’ sex life.[6] Along with the decrease in sexual desire, warnings about sex or limitations[7] and the fear of physically hurting the fetus,(8) can make pregnancy a period of low sexual activity. Sexual desire tends to come back,(13) associated with an improvement in an expectant mother’s physical wellbeing,(14) less fear of losing the fetus,(15) better vaginal lubrication and ease of intercourse. [3] In the third trimester, physical limitations due to body size and shape and the pressure on the uterus limit sexual activity.[10,12] many studies focus on subjects such as reproductive health, miscarriage,(16) sexual education from a preventive standpoint[17,18] and the biological aspects of sexuality during pregnancy,(3) there is a lack of research about the subjective, emotional and experiential dimension of women during this period.[11]
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