Sexual orientation and gender identity expression, internalized stigma, and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

For college students, holding a minoritized, stigmatized sexual orientation, gender identity, or both (SOGI) may have compounded the stress and upheaval of the COVID-19 pandemic, impacting not only their ability to freely express their SOGI but also their mental health and well-being. Using minority stress theory and mixed methodologies, we examined associations among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, or other sexual and/or gender diverse (LGBTQ+) college students’ (N = 368, M age = 20.5) perceived pandemic-related changes in SOGI expression, internalized LGBTQ+ stigma, and mental health. Consistent with minority stress theory, students who thought the pandemic restricted their SOGI expression and who had more internalized LGBTQ+ stigma had worse mental health than their peers. In addition, students who thought the pandemic restricted their SOGI expression perceived that their mental health worsened due to the pandemic. The importance of SOGI expression for mental health during the pandemic has implications for tailored university programming to support LGBTQ+ students’ mental health during times of stress and transition beyond the pandemic.