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Abstract
Studies indicate that tooth crown diameters are clinical markers for sex differentiation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the degree of sexual dimorphism in different teeth. Maximum mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) dimensions of 2400 permanent teeth from 100 pretreatment orthodontic dental study casts and clinical records (50 males and 50 females) from the Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were examined. Comparison of the MD and BL dimensions between males and females was performed using the Student’s t test with alpha 0.05, effect size, and discriminant function analysis. Comparisons in MD and BL widths between sexes demonstrated that the combined mean in the female group presented reduction when compared with the male group, except for the BL dimension of tooth 26. In regard to the MD dimensions, statistically significant differences were observed in various dental groups. The greatest sexual dimorphism was observed in the left mandibular canine (p<0.001) with effect size over 0.8 (0.94), which characterizes large effect. In BL dimension, numerous teeth demonstrated statistical differences between the sexes. Our findings reinforced the magnitude of sexual dimorphism in tooth size, and, in addition, highlighted the differences in specific dental groups.
Highlights
The sexual dimorphism is explained by different effects of the human X and Y chromosome genes on various somatic features, such as the frequency of some dental anomalies and the tooth crown size [1,2,3]
The univariate analysis showed that there are no significant differences in ethnicity between male and female (p=0.1)
In regard to the MD dimensions, statistically significant differences were observed in various teeth, the greatest of which were observed in the mandibular left canine (33) (p
Summary
The sexual dimorphism is explained by different effects of the human X and Y chromosome genes on various somatic features, such as the frequency of some dental anomalies and the tooth crown size [1,2,3]. Various explanations for tooth-size dimorphism between males and females have been proposed: the differences in hormonal balance [4], the effect of the Y chromosome in increasing mitotic activity within the developing dental lamina, and the fact that the chromosome X is known to be involved in the enamel formation [2]. The tooth crown size is a valuable tool and provides significant information on human evolution [7] and biological alterations [8], a in forensic evaluation [9,10] and clinical odontology [11]. The degree of dimorphism varies within different populations, generally, males have larger tooth crowns than females [13,14,15,16]
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