Sexual dimorphism and hyaluronic acid treatments of male patients

Abstract

There are several differences between the male and female face. These differences are found not only in the three thirds of the face, but also in all topographic layers. When studying the skull of both genders, we can see that the male skull is bigger, heavier and has more volume than the female. From top to bottom, when we analyze the superior third of the face, we can see the frontal region is completely different in male and female craniums. The female frontal region is more vertical and rectified with the frontal eminence well pronounced. The male frontal region is more oblique, does not have the pronounced frontal eminence superiorly, but has an important protrusion above the superior orbital rim, called the supraorbital ridge (Figure 1). This gives the frontal region an irregular surface on profile view and is an important sign of ageing since it becomes more prominent in elderly patients.