Abstract
BackgroundSexual coercion is an important public health issue due to its negative association with social and health outcomes. The paper aims to examine the prevalence of sexual coercion perpetrated by husbands on their wives in Nepal and to identify the characteristics associated with this phenomenon.MethodsThe data used in this paper comes from a cross-sectional survey on "Domestic Violence in Nepal" carried out in 2009. A total of 1,536 married women were interviewed and associations between sexual coercion and the explanatory variables were assessed via bivariate analysis using Chi-square tests. Logistic regression was then applied to assess the net effect of several independent variables on sexual coercion.ResultsOverall, about three in five women (58%) had experienced some form of sexual coercion by their husbands. Logistic regression analysis found that the literacy status of women, decision-making power regarding their own health care, husband-wife age differences, alcohol consumption by the husband, and male patriarchal control all had significant associations with women's experience of sexual coercion. Literate women had 28% less chance (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.72) of experiencing sexual coercion by their husbands than did illiterate women. Women who made decisions jointly with their husbands with regard to their own health care were 36% less likely (aOR = 0.64) to experience sexual coercion than those whose health care was decided upon by their mothers/fathers-in-law. On the other hand, women whose husbands were 5 or more years older than they were more likely to report sexual coercion (aOR = 1.33) than were their counterparts, as were women whose husbands consumed alcohol (aOR = 1.27). Furthermore, women who experienced higher levels of patriarchal control from their husbands were also more likely to experience sexual coercion by their husbands (aOR = 7.2) compared to those who did not face such control.ConclusionThe study indicates that sexual coercion among married women is widespread in Nepal. Programs should focus on education and women's empowerment to reduce sexual coercion and protect women's health and rights. Furthermore, campaigns against alcohol abuse and awareness programs targeting husbands should also focus attention on the issue of sexual coercion.
Highlights
Sexual coercion is an important public health issue due to its negative association with social and health outcomes
Our study found that women who decided jointly about their own health care with their husbands were less likely to experience sexual coercion by their husbands compared to those whose decision making regarding their health care was made by fathers/
The present study found that women who were highly controlled by their husbands were more likely to face sexual coercion than were those without such controls
Summary
Sexual coercion is an important public health issue due to its negative association with social and health outcomes. The paper aims to examine the prevalence of sexual coercion perpetrated by husbands on their wives in Nepal and to identify the characteristics associated with this phenomenon. Two of the most common forms of violence against women are physical and sexual abuse by their husbands or other intimate male partners. Many studies demonstrate that women are more vulnerable than men to sexual coercion [3,4,5]. An analysis of over 50 population-based surveys found that approximately 10-50% of adult women around the world reported having been physically assaulted by an intimate male partner (including their husbands) at some point in their lives [6]. Based on the self-reports of 24,000 women, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that forced sex by intimate partners ranged from 4% in Serbia and Montenegro to 46% in Bangladesh and Ethiopia [7]. Representative studies conducted in the US and Australia revealed that around 20% of women have been sexually coerced [8,9,10]
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