Abstract

There is a notable shift toward more repression and criminalization in sex work policies, in Europe and elsewhere. So-called neo-abolitionism reduces sex work to trafficking, with increased policing and persecution as a result. Punitive “demand reduction” strategies are progressively more popular. These developments call for a review of what we know about the effects of punishing and repressive regimes vis-à-vis sex work. From the evidence presented, sex work repression and criminalization are branded as “waterbed politics” that push and shove sex workers around with an overload of controls and regulations that in the end only make things worse. It is illustrated how criminalization and repression make it less likely that commercial sex is worker-controlled, non-abusive, and non-exploitative. Criminalization is seriously at odds with human rights and public health principles. It is concluded that sex work criminalization is barking up the wrong tree because it is fighting sex instead of crime and it is not offering any solution for the structural conditions that sex work (its ugly sides included) is rooted in. Sex work repression travels a dead-end street and holds no promises whatsoever for a better future. To fight poverty and gendered inequalities, the criminal justice system simply is not the right instrument. The reasons for the persistent stigma on sex work as well as for its present revival are considered.

Highlights

  • This EssayThespreadofneo-abolitionismformsthebackdroptoreview what we know about the effects of punitive and repressive regimes visa-vis sex work

  • There is a notable shift toward more repression and criminalization in sex work policies, in Europe and elsewhere

  • It is possible that neo-abolitionism is ‘‘just’’ old-fashioned morality politics exacerbated by the pendulum swinging back in reaction to the remarkable strength that sex workers’ voices and organizations have been gaining worldwide

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Summary

This Essay

Thespreadofneo-abolitionismformsthebackdroptoreview what we know about the effects of punitive and repressive regimes visa-vis sex work. I intend to illustrate how criminalization and repression make these conditions less likely They completely fail to support sex workers and victims of trafficking alike in advancing the circumstances of their lives and work. Nor do they contribute in any way to an improvement of the conditions (the ugly face of) sex work is structurally rooted in. These conclusions lead to the basic question of why commercial sex is so fiercely condemned in the first place and, why there seems to be an apparent revival of those sentiments

The Harmful Workings of Criminalization
Escalating Risks and Vulnerabilities
Negatively Impacting Working Routines and Relations
Reducing Access to Health Care
Blocking Ways Out
Barking Up the Wrong Tree
Sex Work Stigma Revisited
Refuting an Immoral Morality
Why a Revival?
Conclusion

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