Sex Steroids Do Not Prevent Amylin-Induced Apoptosis in Human Cells

Abstract

Formation of amylin-containing islet amyloid deposits may contribute to the progressive deterioration of β cell function in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. As diabetes mellitus occurs in male, but rarely in female transgenic mice expressing human amylin in their pancreatic β cells, it is of interest to study the influence of estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) on amylin-induced cytotoxicity in human cells. The insulinoma cell line CM, thyroid epithelial cells (TEC) in primary culture, and nontransformed fibroblast lines were used. The occurrence of apoptotic cell death was assessed by nuclear labeling with propidium iodide. Amylin was cytotoxic on all cell types tested, but had the most pronounced effect on TEC and the weakest on the CM cell line. Although both E2and T decreased the proportion of apoptotic cells in cultures kept in the absence of amylin, neither of the two hormones was able to counteract amylin-induced cytotoxicity. β cell death and hyperglycemia can thus presumably not be prevented by the neutralization of amylin effects by sex steroids.