Abstract
This article presents a study of sex segregation in higher education in the United States and in Poland. The analyses cover the period from the end of the nineteenth century to the 1930s. High levels of sex segregation in American higher education are linked to well-developed capitalism and democracy, which in the early stages empowered men but not women. They are also accounted for by an open-class system that produced high levels of competition for the most desirable jobs. A low level of economic development, the lack of democracy, and a less open-class system were the structural conditions in Poland. Together, they limited the power of men and led to relatively low levels of educational sex segregation
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