Sex estimation through mandibular ramus flexure using Orthopantomogram and Lateral Cephalogram-A comparative study

Abstract

Mandible is one of the largest and strongest bones in skull. It is sensitive to adolescent growth spurt and holds many dimorphic traits that could be useful for the sex estimation. A retrospective study was done to analyse the reliability of mandibular ramus flexure for sex estimation in Indian population and to observe, compare and evaluate the sex discriminant potential of mandibular Ramus flexure by using digital Orthopantomogram (OPG) and Lateral Cephalogram (LC). The study was conducted on 200 samples (90 males and 110 females) with aged 10–30 years, by using both standard digital OPG and LC for each study sample. The radiographs were visualized using Planmeca Romexis software 2.9.2.R. A tangent line was drawn on the posterior margin of ramus and the orientation line were drawn on the occlusal plane on mandibular molars extended to the ramus body, which predicted the sex by viewing distinct ramus flexure and later compared with actual sex. Sex was accurately determined in 60 out of 90 males with a prediction accuracy rate of 67.4%. 90 out of 110 females were identified correctly with a prediction accuracy rate of 81%. The overall accuracy rate was 74.25%. Similar results were obtained from both OPG and LC analysis. The result of the present study proved that the mandibular ramus plays a major role in sex determination due to its unique high sexual dimorphism. Hence, we advocate the use of mandibular ramus flexure as an aid for sex estimation by using either OPG or LC.