Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the association between sarcopenia (EWGSOP) and osteoporosis in older adults. This is a cross sectional analysis of a baseline evaluation of the SARCopenia and OSteoporosis in Older Adults with Cardiovascular Diseases Study (SARCOS). Three hundred and thirty-two subjects over 65 years of age were evaluated. Sarcopenia was determined by EWGSOP flowchart and Osteoporosis was established by WHO's criteria. Physical function, comorbidities and medications were evaluated. Women were older (79.8 ± 7.2 years) than men (78.21 ± 6.7 years) (p = 0.042). Osteoporosis occurred in 24.8% of men, and in 42.7% of women (p < 0.001); sarcopenia occurred in 25.5% of men and in 17.7%, of women (p = 0.103). Osteoporosis was diagnosed in 68% of sarcopenic women, however only 20.7% (p = 0.009) of women with osteoporosis had sarcopenia; in older men, 44.7% of individuals with sarcopenia presented osteoporosis and 42.9% (p = 0.013) of men with osteoporosis showed sarcopenia. In an adjusted logistic regression analyses for sarcopenia, osteoporosis presented a statistically significant association with sarcopenia in men [OR: 2.930 (95% CI: 1.044-8.237; p = 0.041)] but not in women [OR: 2.081 (0.787-5.5; p = 0.142)]; in the adjusted logistic regression analyses for osteoporosis, a statistically significant association occurred in men [OR: 2.984 (95% CI: 1.144-7.809; p = 0.025)], but not in women [OR: 2.093 (0.962-3.714; p = 0.137)]. According to sex, there are significant differences in the association between sarcopenia EWGSOP and osteoporosis in outpatient older adults. It is strong and significant in males; in females, despite showing a positive trend, it was not statistically significant.
Highlights
We evaluated the association between osteoporosis according to the WHO’s definition [9] and sarcopenia according to the EWGSOP [10] in older men and women from the same population group, with established risk factors and significant variables that could interfere with bone mineral density, muscle mass and muscle strength
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that there are important differences in the association between sarcopenia EWGSOP and osteoporosis in older adults determined by sex
Females did have an association between osteoporosis and sarcopenia EWGSOP; this association did not remain relevant after adjustments for confounder clinical variables were performed
Summary
This study is a cross sectional analysis of a baseline evaluation of the SARCopenia and OSteoporosis in Older Adults with Cardiovascular Diseases Study (SARCOS), a one-year prospective cohort study that investigated the association between cardiovascular diseases and changes in body composition, muscle strength and physical performance as a common pathway to disability. We interviewed 383 older outpatient adults from an outpatient cardio-geriatric clinic and 332 were included in this study and underwent DXA analyzes. Our population was composed by older adults, over 65 years of age, both sexes and all ethnic groups. Exclusion criteria were: unstable medical conditions, any form of cancer in the last five years, chronic renal failure in dialysis, Parkinson’s disease, severe infectious disease requiring hospitalization in the previous month, moderate or severe dementia classified by the MMSE (mini-mental state examination) [11,12] and use of gait assistant devices. This study was approved by the Ethical Review Board at our Institution and written informed consent was obtained from all participants
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