Abstract
It is a common fact, that the content of sex hormones in humans and animals varies in different age periods. The functional state of the immune system also changes with age. However, sex differences studies of inflammatory and immune responses during puberty prevail in literature. Investigation of immune responses to LPS peculiarities in prepubertal females and males may contribute to the development of more effective immunotherapy and minimize side effects of children vaccination. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the LPS-induced SIRS sex differences in prepubertal Wistar rats. Despite the absence of sex differences in estradiol and testosterone levels, LPS-induced inflammatory changes in liver and lungs are more pronounced among males. Males demonstrate the increasing neopterin, corticosterone levels and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity. Not less important is that in females, demonstrating less morphological changes in liver and lungs, endotoxin level is tenfold higher, and corticosterone level decreases. Thus, endotoxin cannot be used as a marker of the severity of multiple organ failure in prepubertal period. The LPS-induced immune reactions in females and males are similar and are characterized by immunosuppression. Both females and males have decreased production of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α, TGF-β) and the absolute number of CD3 + and CD3 + CD8 + lymphocytes in blood. The acute atrophy of thymus and apoptosis of thymic cells are revealed in animals of both sexes. However, the number of CD3 + CD4 + T-helpers and CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + T-cells decreases only in females with SIRS, and in males there was a decrease of CD45R + B-cells. The least expressed sex differences in immune responses in the prepubertal period can be determined by the low levels of sex steroids and the absence of their immunomodulatory effect. Further studies require the identification of mechanisms, determining the sex differences in the inflammatory and immune responses in prepubertal animals.
Highlights
It is a common fact, that the content of sex hormones in humans and animals varies in different age periods
The content of corticosterone increased in males and decreased in females, so there were no sex differences between male and female corticosterone level with Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
Despite the absence of sex differences in estradiol and testosterone levels, LPS-induced inflammatory changes in liver and lungs are more pronounced among males
Summary
It is a common fact, that the content of sex hormones in humans and animals varies in different age periods. Despite the absence of sex differences in estradiol and testosterone levels, LPS-induced inflammatory changes in liver and lungs are more pronounced among males. In our previous work we revealed that LPS induced in adult males more pronounced inflammatory response than in females, but females demonstrated more effective cellular and humoral immunity reactions during S IRS10. Polymorphisms of X-linked genes and cellular mosaicism in females obviously could be a reason of sex differences in inflammatory and immune reactions that determine the course and outcome of the infectious diseases in prepubertal individuals. In order to find out whether there are differences in the immune and inflammatory response to SIRS in the prepubertal period we investigated morphological changes in the target organs to LPS, cytokines production and shift of lymphocytes subpopulations in pups of Wistar rats
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