Abstract
BackgroundAlthough studies have reported the sex differences in injury patterns among recreational skiers, the findings are still conflicting. This study aims to analyse the sex differences of orthopaedic knee injuries that occurred during alpine skiing.MethodsA total of 306 recreational alpine skiers (125 females and 181 males) who sustained knee surgeries between June 2016 and December 2018 participated in this study. Age, height, weight, and physical activity level of the patients were recorded. The orthopaedic knee injury patterns were analysed based on the diagnosis given by the physicians.ResultsMale skiers (17.13%) had a higher proportion of multiple knee ligament injuries than females (6.40%). The combined anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament injury were the most common injury types in both females and males, with ACL injury being more prevalent for females (79.20%) than that in males (56.35%). The proportion of female skiers (17.6%) with vigorous-intensity activity level was significantly lower than that of males (30.9%). Female skiers had lower body height, body weight, and body mass index than male skiers (P < 0.001).ConclusionsACL injury is the most common orthopaedic injury among both female and male knee-injured recreational skiers. The proportion of females with an ACL injury is higher than that of males, but the proportion of multiple knee ligament injuries is lower than that of males. More male recreational skiers have vigorous-intensity activity level habits in daily life than females.
Highlights
Studies have reported the sex differences in injury patterns among recreational skiers, the findings are still conflicting
The proportion of moderate-intensity activity levels in females (37.6%) was similar to that in males (30.4%) (P = 0.218). The results of this present study showed that an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury was the most frequent knee injury diagnosis among recreational skiers
This result was consistent with previous studies that reported that females had a higher ACL injury rate than males [15, 28]
Summary
Studies have reported the sex differences in injury patterns among recreational skiers, the findings are still conflicting. This study aims to analyse the sex differences of orthopaedic knee injuries that occurred during alpine skiing. Alpine skiing is a popular sport across the world that is associated with significant orthopaedic injuries [1, 2]. The rate of sustaining an injury while skiing was 2.8 per 1000 skier days on average from 2008 to 2010 [3]. A recent review reported that the overall injury incidence in snow sports was 3.49 per 1000 athlete-days [4]. The. Previous studies have reported that the most common injury site during skiing is the knee joint [5,6,7]. Studies have shown that females are at higher risk for knee ligament injuries than males in competitive
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