Abstract
Rest-Activity circadian Rhythm (RAR) can be used as a marker of the circadian timing system. Recent studies investigated the relationship between irregular circadian rhythms and cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia. These factors are related to the Metabolic Syndrome (MS), a clustering of metabolic risk factors that increases the risk of several cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. This cross-sectional analysis aimed to explore the RAR characteristics by actigraphy in subjects with MS, particularly in relation to sex and MS parameters, using parametric and non-parametric analyses. Distinguishing the characteristics of RAR based on sex could prove useful as a tool to improve the daily level of activity and set up customized activity programs based on each person’s circadian activity profile. This study showed that female participants exhibited higher values than male participants in the Midline Estimating Statistic of Rhythm (MESOR) (243.3 ± 20.0 vs 197.6 ± 17.9 activity count), Amplitude (184.5 ± 18.5 vs 144.2 ± 17.2 activity count), which measures half of the extent of the rhythmic variation in a cycle, and the most active 10-h period (M10) (379.08 ± 16.43 vs 295.13 ± 12.88 activity count). All these parameters are indicative of a higher daily activity level in women. Female participants also had lower Intradaily Variability (IV) than male participants (0.75 ± 0.03 vs 0.85 ± 0.03 activity count), which indicates a more stable and less fragmented RAR. These preliminary data provide the first experimental evidence of a difference in RAR parameters between male and female people with MS.
Highlights
Circadian rhythms influence daily behavior, as well as psychological and physiological functions
No statistically significant relations were found between the other parameters. These findings indicate that men with higher daily activity levels had higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In this cross-sectional analysis, we monitored Rest-Activity circadian Rhythm (RAR) by actigraphy in subjects with Metabolic Syndrome (MS) to detect the profiles of daily activity levels
The main finding was that RAR differed between male and female participants
Summary
Circadian rhythms influence daily behavior, as well as psychological and physiological functions. Circadian rhythms can change during the lifespan, both in physiological and pathological conditions (Montaruli et al, 2017). These factors can be considered markers of a state of health or, otherwise, of disease. Alteration in the RAR is associated with compromised health: psychiatric subjects present decreases of MESOR (Midline Estimating Statistic of Rhythm) and Amplitude (Roveda et al, 2018). Levels of MESOR and Amplitude were low in people with cancer (Roveda et al, 2019), and some studies have shown that cancer progression tends to be accelerated in patients with alterations of RAR (Mormont and Waterhouse, 2002)
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