Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses some of the possible mechanisms contributing to sex differences in hypertension and renal function and injury. Results of both human and animal studies are evaluated because perturbations in physiological systems can be performed in animals but not humans due to the invasive nature of the studies. Men are at greater risk for cardiovascular and renal disease than women of similar ages. Recent studies using the technique of 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring have shown that blood pressure is higher in normotensive men than in women at similar ages. In addition, in the hypertensive population, the incidence of end-stage renal failure caused by glomerulonephritis and hypertensive glomerular sclerosis is also higher in men than women. Aging in men is associated with greater decrements in renal function than in women of similar age. Studies have confirmed that the prevalence of hypertension is greater in men with renal disease than in women, but male sex and hypertension each contribute independently to the progression to end-stage renal failure.
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