Abstract
(1) Background: To analyze the incidence, clinical characteristics, use of procedures, and in-hospital outcomes in patients who developed pneumonia during their hospital admission according to sex and to the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (2) Methods: Retrospective cohort study using data from the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database. Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) was classed as non-ventilator HAP and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Separate analyses were performed for men and women with and without T2DM. Population subgroups were compared using propensity score matching. (3) Results: HAP was identified in 38,814 patients (24.07% with T2DM). The adjusted incidence of HAP was higher in patients with T2DM (both sexes) (IRR 1.28; 95% CI 1.25–1.31). The incidence of HAP was higher in men with T2DM than in women with T2DM (adjusted-IR 1.47; 95% CI 1.41–1.53). The incidence of HAP among T2DM patients increased over time. In-hospital mortality (IHM) was around 28% irrespective of T2DM status and sex. After adjusting for confounders and sex, VAP was associated to higher IHM among patients with T2DM (OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.7–2.57). (4) Conclusions: T2DM is associated with a higher risk of HAP, whose incidence increased over time. Men with T2DM have an almost 50% higher risk of HAP than women with T2DM. The probability of dying in the hospital was not associated with sex or T2DM.
Highlights
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is the most common nosocomial infection
type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was more prevalent in men than in women with HAP (24.26% vs. 23.71%; p < 0.001)
Incidence of HAP during Hospital Admission According to T2DM Status
Summary
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is the most common nosocomial infection. Its incidence increases over time and varies considerably with age and comorbidities [1].HAP more commonly occurs in non-ventilated patients [2,3]. Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is the most common nosocomial infection. Its incidence increases over time and varies considerably with age and comorbidities [1]. HAP more commonly occurs in non-ventilated patients [2,3]. National Inpatient Sample dataset, Giuliano et al [4] found that non-ventilator hospitalacquired pneumonia (NV-HAP) led to an increase in costs, length of stay, and mortality in hospitalized patients.
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