Sex differences in dementia diagnosis: a fourteen-year retrospective analysis of cases using the Registry of Dementia of Girona

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the impact of sociodemographic and clinical sex/gender-associated factors on dementia severity at the time of diagnosis. Methods Retrospective, cross-sectional study using 2007–2020 data from the Registry of Dementia of Girona (ReDeGi), collecting information from new dementia diagnoses in the seven hospitals of the Health Region of Girona (Northeast region of Catalonia, Spain). Sociodemographic and clinical variables were compared by sex and dementia severity at diagnosis. A multivariate analysis stratified by sex evaluated the risk of having a moderate/severe dementia diagnosis. Results Of 9614 new dementia cases, 6040 (62.8%) were women, and 3574 (37.2%) were men. Women and men aged 75–85 years had 27.9% (p = .003) and 43.1% (p < .001) less risk of moderate/severe diagnosis, respectively, than those >85. Being institutionalized increased the risk of moderate/severe diagnosis more in women (159.9%; p < .001) than in men (114.8%; p = .030). Being single and having a higher education increased the risk of moderate/severe diagnosis by 76.2% (p = .039) and 69.8% (p = .021), respectively, only in women. Conclusions Age, education level, marital status, and place of residence were differentially associated with moderate/severe dementia at the time of diagnosis in women and men, indicating sex/gender differences in dementia severity at diagnosis, with an increased impact on women.