Abstract
Background Sustained handgrip is one of the standardized non invasive test involved in assessment of cardiac autonomic functions Objective This study aimed at determining the sex differences in cardiovascular response to sustained handgrip among apparently healthy young adult Nigerians Materials and Method females and males age and sex matched apparently healthy young adults aged between years participated in this study The Systolic Blood Pressure SBP Diastolic Blood Pressure DBP and Pulse Rate PR of the subjects were recorded before and during sustained handgrip exercise in sitting position with sphygmomanometer cuff attached to the dominant arm The maximum voluntary contraction MVC of the subject was determined from the non dominant arm by the use of a handgrip dynamometer The handgrip was maintained at of the maximum voluntary contraction for as long as possible up to maximum period of minutes Blood pressure was monitored every minute until the maximum values were obtained Mean Arterial Pressure MAP Pulse Pressure PP and Rate Pressure Product RPP were calculated from SBP DBP and PR Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics The student t test was used to determine the difference between two groups and p value lt was considered statistically significant Results The males had a higher resting SBP DBP MAP PP and RPP than females with significant sex difference in PP t p value lt and SBP t p value Significant sex differences were observed in maximum values of SBP t p value lt DBP t p value MAP t p value RPP t p value and PP t p value during sustained handgrip exercise The resting heart rate at rest and during sustained handgrip exercise were higher in females Significant sex differences were also observed in change in cardiovascular responses to sustained handgrip with regards to SBP t p value DBP t p value and MAP t p Conclusion This study showed that sex significantly influenced haemodynamic responses to sustained handgrip exercise
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