Sex differences in age preferences for mates: Primary and secondary predictions from evolutionary theory

Abstract

Primary and secondary predictions based on evolutionary theories of Kenrick and Keefe (K and K) are described in several hypothetical models. The position taken is that it is important to identify and justify the assumptions required for secondary predictions in order to validate the prediction. The assumption is made that in developing secondary predictions from evolutionary theory that predictions can be derived from 1) assumptions about the relationship between the level of ancestral environmental stresses which affected the adaptation and the current level of stresses. The example is given of the hypothesized likelihood of stresses such as female to female competition or inappropriate male attention will produce an interest in dieting in early maturing girls rather than in girls reaching puberty at a normal age and that if female to female competitIon is currently higher then dieting will be more severe. Another example is given of a situation which assumes that 1) both sexes prefer mates who are similar 2) males prefer with the passage of time women who are increasingly younger than they are and 3) females prefer males that have dominance resources and social status. These assumptions are consider valid primary predictors for the sake of argument. Secondary predictions are then made in this example based on the type of marriage system a society imposes on individuals and the demographic and economic characteristics of the population. In a serially polygynist society there will usually be older wealthier men who marry repeatedly young wives who are expected to be smarter wealthier and more socially dominant than average women. Also there will be many younger men without mates because women prefer old smart dominant males. These men are considered to be young dumb and ugly. Secondary predictions might be made about how many old smart dominant women will be attracted to young dumb and ugly men. A possible prediction might be that these men will become hostile to women when excluded from the sexual marketplace. Another might be that these women turn to lesbianism for companionship. Arguments for mate selection appear persuasive. There is interest in further detailing from K and K on ancestral and current environments.