Sex-dependent effects of canagliflozin and dapagliflozin on hemostasis in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic mice

Abstract

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are antihyperglycemic drugs that decrease mortality from cardiovascular diseases. However, their effects on hemostasis in the cardioprotective effects have not been evaluated. Therefore, the effects of canagliflozin (CANA, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) and dapagliflozin (DAPA, 10 mg/kg, p.o.) on the parameters of hemostasis were investigated in female and male normoglycemic and streptozotocin (180 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced diabetic mice. CANA and DAPA reduced platelet activity in thrombus in male and female mice both normoglycemic and diabetic. CANA decreased thrombus formation in diabetic male mice, and platelet activation to ADP in diabetic female and male mice. Activation of fibrinolysis was observed in female mice, both normoglycemic and diabetic. DAPA reduced thrombus formation in diabetic male and female mice, and decreased platelet activation to ADP and fibrin formation in diabetic male mice. DAPA increased fibrin formation in normoglycemic female mice and activated fibrinolysis in diabetic female mice. CANA and DAPA exerted sex-specific effects, which were more pronounced in hyperglycemia. The antithrombotic effect of CANA and DAPA was more noticeable in male mice and could be due to platelet inhibition. The effect on coagulation and fibrinolysis was not clear since an increased coagulation and fibrinolysis were observed only in female mice.