Abstract
Twenty male rats competed against 20 females under survival motivation. In each pair (male vs female) the competitor that forced its opponent back to escape from the underwater tube was considered to be the dominant one of the pair. Nine males and 10 females were dominant, indicating that in the survival competition the males and females do not differ significantly in dominance behavior. The results are in accord with those of Warren & Maroney (1958) who reported that dominance behavior of the rhesus monkey is not related to sex.
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