Abstract
The purpose of the article is to present the design decisions used in the construction of the extended main trunk sewer of the North in St Petersburg. One of its key elements is the siphon, a unique structure in engineering practice for optimal and safe water disposal system. Its special feature is in the arrangement of connections in the pits of the trunk sewer header portion. For the purpose of investigation it had to describe the general situation relative to sewerage network in the city. Following this, a precondition, which determined the structure design as the optimum for movement of effluent, is presented. Further, author concludes that the new pit structures using composite materials made it possible to complete construction of the trunk sewer on schedule and by means of it to move to purification works practically all of the city’s effluents (98, 4%) and realize the goal of steady economic development. Then author shows that it is necessary source control techniques be designed to counter increased discharge of water. It should to provide in the buildings power saving technologies, the hot water recirculation systems, modernize the existing hot water supply facilities, and to install low-cost highly efficient small heat exchangers instead of obsolete locally based boilers and just only of increasing the norms, coefficients and tariffs. Hence it appears that the multi-objective sewer system optimization provides more rational and practical solutions to avoid sewer overflows, reduce risks to public health and to protect the environment from water pollution.
Highlights
Experience the world over shows that sewer construction and renewal is an expensive endeavor
The following were developed during this project: – a new structure of the sewerage trunk sewer-underground pipeline with connections to wastewaters along the route, – connecting assembly structures that allow for the motions of wastewaters and air entrained thereby, – new well structures using composite materials, – a new method for treating air being removed from the trunk sewer
It denoted the future silting of the trunk sewer run with the subsequent negative consequences of waste liquid transportation both in the underground pipeline itself and at its outlet
Summary
Experience the world over shows that sewer construction and renewal is an expensive endeavor. The same year the separation of sewer systems in London was estimated at approximately Ј12-20bn [1]. A mathematical model for estimating the construction costs of sanitary sewers was developed by Earle and Farrell. Their model is useful in comparing design approaches, including gravity and pressure alternatives (for example, trench depth and lot width have a much greater influence on construction cost than manhole spacing). Application of the model has shown that, in many instances, lowpressure sewer systems offer a significant economic advantage in reduced capital costs versus gravity sewers [6]. If a system is properly designed and constructed, the actual operating costs are far lower and the maintenance much less frequent than would be expected based on conventional manner [7]
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