Sewage Water Treatments and Reuse in Israel

Abstract

Many places, such as Israel, in arid and semiarid regions are characterized by long, dry summers and short, wet winters. Therefore, crop production in these regions relies mainly on irrigation. In 1990, for example, the total cultivated land in Israel was 437,100 ha, of which 205,700 ha was under irrigation. However, in recent decades, although the total cultivated land area has not been changed significantly, the area of irrigated land has been reduced, in accordance with the amount of water available for agriculture.