Severity of Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients With Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy: Impacts on Remodeling After Atrial Flutter Ablation

Abstract

Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy is defined as a reversible left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction (SeD) resulting from a sustained fast heart rate. LV remodeling in patients with severe LV dysfunction at diagnosis remains poorly understood. In this retrospective cohort study, we described LV remodeling in 50 patients who underwent atrial flutter ablation. These patients were divided into severe LV SeD (LV ejection fraction [EF] ≤30%) and LV nonsevere SeD (LVEF 31% to 50%) at baseline. All continuous variables are expressed as median and interquartile range. LVEF was 18% (13 to 25) and 38% (34 to 41) in the SeD (n=29) and LV nonsevere SeD (n=21) groups, respectively. At baseline, patients with SeD had higher LV end-diastolic diameter (56 [54 to 59] vs 49mm [47 to 52], p<0.01), LV end-systolic diameter (48 [43 to 51] vs 36mm [34 to 41], p<0.01), LV end-diastolic volume (71 [64 to 85] vs 56ml/m2 [46 to 68], p<0.01), LV end-systolic volume (56 [53 to 70] vs 36ml/m2 [27 to 42], p<0.01), and lower tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (12 [10 to 13] vs 16mm [13 to 19], p<0.01). At last follow-up, LVEF was not statistically significantly different between groups. However, LV end-systolic diameter (36 [34 to 39] vs 32mm [32 to 34], p=0.01) and LV end-systolic volume (29 [26 to 35] vs 25ml/m2 [20 to 29], p=0.02) remained larger in the SeD group. Seven patients (14%), all from the SeD group, had a LVEF ≤35% 2months after rhythm control, and reverse remodeling was observed up to 9months. In conclusion, more than half of patients with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy and atrial flutter had LVEF ≤30% at baseline. LVEF recovery and LV remodeling were observed beyond 2months, highlighting the importance of rhythm control and early guideline-directed medical therapy in these patients.