Severity of intracranial carotid artery calcification in intracranial atherosclerosis-related occlusion treated with endovascular thrombectomy

Abstract

ObjectivesIntracranial atherosclerosis related large vessel occlusions (ICAS-O) are challenging to diagnose and manage. The degree of intracranial carotid artery calcification may assist pre-thrombectomy diagnosis of ICAS and guide treatment strategy. The aim of the study is to determine if intracranial carotid calcification is associated with ICAS-O. Patients and methodsConsecutive large vessel occlusion patients who underwent thrombectomy from 2006 to 2017 were retrospectively studied. Patients were classified into ICAS-O if pre-existing atherosclerotic lesion was identified as the etiology for large vessel occlusion during the thrombectomy. The degree of intracranial carotid artery calcification (ICAC), technical and clinical outcomes of ICAS-O was compared with non-ICAS-O patients. ResultsIn a retrospective cohort study of 64 thrombectomy patients, ICAS-O accounted for 14.1% of cases and was associated with higher degree of carotid calcification (mean Woodcock scale 2.8 vs 1.6, p = 0.044), need of stent-retreiver rescue (55.6% vs 5.5%, p = 0.001), and adjuvant stenting or angioplasty (33.3% vs 0%, p = 0.002) compared with non-ICAS-O. ConclusionThe severity of ICAC may be associated with ICAS-O as the underlying etiology amongst thrombectomy patients. Compared with large vessel occlusion of other causes, ICAS-O was associated with more failure of aspiration and a higher need of adjuvant stenting and angioplasty.