Abstract
Trauma and its severe complications are major health problems and leading causes of mortality and morbidity among young people in the world. The increasing ability to keep most trauma patients alive has resulted in an increased incidence of complications in this population. The pathophysiology of trauma complications is tremendously complex. Biomarkers have traditionally been considered as important area of medical research: the measurement of certain biomarkers has led to a better understanding of pathophysiology, while others have been used either to assess the effectiveness of specific treatments or for prognostic purposes. If with early diagnosis and early intervention, trauma complications can be prevented and cured. The aim of the review is to discuss new biomarkers which can be used in the prediction of severe trauma complications, mainly sepsis and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS). We also discuss to which degree currently available trauma complications biomarkers may help to overcome the present diagnostic uncertainty. We address how new insights into the pathogenesis of trauma complications may help in the development of specific biomarkers and how this may also impact the identification and development of new therapeutic targets. Research into biomarkers may help to predict the prognosis of patients with severe trauma.
Highlights
Severe trauma and it’s complications are major health problems and leading causes of mortality and morbidity among young people in the world
Terzi et al assessed the utility of urine concentrations of a1m as biomarker of early sepsis-induced Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) diagnosis in critically ill patients managed in an ICU
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α is an important gene in sepsis, it’s promoter Single nucleotide polymorphism Acute phase protein (SNP)-rs1800629 A allele had a 4.28-fold higher risk for septic compared with severe sepsis
Summary
Severe trauma and it’s complications are major health problems and leading causes of mortality and morbidity among young people in the world. Victims of severe injuries who survive the initial hours have great risk in additional life-threatening complications, including sepsis, septic shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and so on. They always happen one week after trauma. Mohsen et al indicated that PCT is a useful, sensitive and independent marker compared to CRP in early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis [9]. CRP is a protein produced in response to inflammation and infection and it is widely used in clinical tests to diagnose sepsis patients. No relationship was observed in either septic or non-septic groups
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