Severe Obesity Shifts Metabolic Thresholds but Does Not Attenuate Aerobic Training Adaptations in Zucker Rats.

Thiago S Rosa,Marília S Andrade,Benedito S Denadai,Milton R Moraes,Marcelo M Rogero,Bruno M Silva,Ricardo M Arida,Herbert G Simões

doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00122

Abstract

Severe obesity affects metabolism with potential to influence the lactate and glycemic response to different exercise intensities in untrained and trained rats. Here we evaluated metabolic thresholds and maximal aerobic capacity in rats with severe obesity and lean counterparts at pre- and post-training. Zucker rats (obese: n = 10, lean: n = 10) were submitted to constant treadmill bouts, to determine the maximal lactate steady state, and an incremental treadmill test, to determine the lactate threshold, glycemic threshold and maximal velocity at pre and post 8 weeks of treadmill training. Velocities of the lactate threshold and glycemic threshold agreed with the maximal lactate steady state velocity on most comparisons. The maximal lactate steady state velocity occurred at higher percentage of the maximal velocity in Zucker rats at pre-training than the percentage commonly reported and used for training prescription for other rat strains (i.e., 60%) (obese = 78 ± 9% and lean = 68 ± 5%, P < 0.05 vs. 60%). The maximal lactate steady state velocity and maximal velocity were lower in the obese group at pre-training (P < 0.05 vs. lean), increased in both groups at post-training (P < 0.05 vs. pre), but were still lower in the obese group at post-training (P < 0.05 vs. lean). Training-induced increase in maximal lactate steady state, lactate threshold and glycemic threshold velocities was similar between groups (P > 0.05), whereas increase in maximal velocity was greater in the obese group (P < 0.05 vs. lean). In conclusion, lactate threshold, glycemic threshold and maximal lactate steady state occurred at similar exercise intensity in Zucker rats at pre- and post-training. Severe obesity shifted metabolic thresholds to higher exercise intensity at pre-training, but did not attenuate submaximal and maximal aerobic training adaptations.

Highlights

In humans, the lactate (LT) and glycemic (GT) thresholds are usually identified at similar exercise intensity, which precedes the intensity where the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) occurs (Simões et al, 1999, 2003; Billat et al, 2003; Beneke et al, 2011)
The present study identified the MLSS on constant load exercise tests and the software adjustment of lactate threshold (LTs), glycemic threshold (GT), and maximal velocity (Vmax) on an incremental load exercise test before and after 8 weeks of treadmill training in Zucker rats
The main findings that arouse from this approach were: (1) in general, the LT and GT velocities were similar to the MLSS velocity at pre- and post-training; (2) the MLSS velocity was significantly higher than 60% of the Vmax at pre-training, but approached 60% of the Vmax at post-training, in the obese rats; (3) aerobic training-induced increase in MLSS, LT, and GT velocities was similar between obese and lean rats, whereas the Vmax increase was larger in the obese rats

Summary

Introduction

The lactate (LT) and glycemic (GT) thresholds are usually identified at similar exercise intensity, which precedes the intensity where the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) occurs (Simões et al, 1999, 2003; Billat et al, 2003; Beneke et al, 2011). There is evidence that the exercise intensity where blood lactate accumulation begins (i.e., LT), determined by visual inspection or polynomial adjustment, coincides with the MLSS intensity in healthy rats and ob/ob mice (Voltarelli et al, 2002; Cunha et al, 2009; Almeida et al, 2011). It is currently unknown whether rats with severe obesity (e.g., obese Zucker rats) show the MLSS, LT, and GT at similar exercise intensity. Remains to be investigated whether the LT and GT identification is feasible and what is the best method for its identification in Zucker rats

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Conclusion