Abstract
Severe hypomagnesemia is a serious clinical condition that can be complicated by life-threatening arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and torsades de pointes) and neurologic manifestations (neuromuscular hyperexcitability, frank ataxia, confusion, delirium, and seizures). Moreover, hypokalemia and hypocalcemia frequently are documented as accompanying electrolyte disorders. 1 Topf J.M. Murray P.T. Hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2003; 4: 195-206 Crossref PubMed Scopus (156) Google Scholar , 2 Tong G.M. Rude R.K. Magnesium deficiency in critical illness. J Intensive Care Med. 2005; 20: 3-17 Crossref PubMed Scopus (177) Google Scholar Hypomagnesemia is relatively common in hospitalized patients, 3 Wong E.T. Rude R.K. Singer F.R. et al. A high prevalence of hypomagnesemia in hospitalized patients. Am J Clin Pathol. 1983; 79: 348-352 PubMed Google Scholar particularly in intensive care units. 4 Desai T.K. Carlson R.W. Geheb M.A. et al. Prevalence and clinical implications of hypocalcemia in acutely ill patients in a medical intensive care setting. Am J Med. 1988; 84: 209-214 Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (142) Google Scholar , 5 Chernow B. Bamberger F. Stoiko M. et al. Hypomagnesemia in patients in postoperative intensive care. Chest. 1989; 95: 391-397 Crossref PubMed Scopus (204) Google Scholar , 6 Fiaccadori E. Del Canale S. Coffrini E. et al. Muscle and serum magnesium in pulmonary intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med. 1988; 16: 751-760 Crossref PubMed Scopus (78) Google Scholar Leading causes of the acquired disorder are malabsorption, uncontrolled diabetes, chemotherapy, acute pancreatitis, drugs, and refeeding. 2 Tong G.M. Rude R.K. Magnesium deficiency in critical illness. J Intensive Care Med. 2005; 20: 3-17 Crossref PubMed Scopus (177) Google Scholar , 7 Kraft M.D. Btaiche I.F. Sachs G.S. Review of the refeeding syndrome. Nutr Clin Pract. 2005; 20: 625-633 Crossref PubMed Scopus (143) Google Scholar
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