Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS): A Systematic Review

Aljaifi Saddam Hussein Mohammed ,Sadik Yusuf Musse

doi:10.7176/jmpb/64-01

Abstract

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak between 2002 to 2003 has accounted for the world panic. SARS was caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and had continued to expand int the 21 st century (Tsang et al., 2003). Initially, the disease was observed to be incepted in a small district named as Shunde, which was present in the city named the Foshan City of Guangdong Province. From this area, it rapidly disseminated to Hong Kong and following it to the rest of North America, Asia, as well as Europe in the few months. The disease affected about 8437 patients, accounting for a mortality rate of 9.6 percent. World Health Organization (WHO), in May of the year 2005, forwarded a declaration that SARS disease has been eliminated, which ranked it as the second disease in humans to be labeled such following the first disease, i.e., smallpox. The civet cats isolated coronaviruses in China has substantial sequence homology with SARS-CoV, which indicates a zoonotic origin.Thereby this research paper reviews the general causes of SARS, its clinical manifestation, along with its treatment and prevention. Keywords: SARS; Systematic; Review DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/64-01 Publication date: February 29 th 2020

Highlights

SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) is a disease of respiratory virus belonging to the zoonotic origin, which is caused by coronavirus of SARS
Several other agents are being recommended to be possibly effective for SARS, by the benefit of their in vitro or only in conceptual actions contrary to SARS-CoV
These involve synthetic RNA duplexes, glycyrrhizin which targets both SARS-CoV genomes, heparin and antiplateletagents, nelfinavir, niclosamide, rhinovirus 3C proinhibitor analogs, anti-tumor necrosis factor-a, aminopeptidase N inhibitor, sodium nitroprusside, and a monoclonal antibody against S1 protein (Tsang et al, 2004). 3.4.4 Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (Nippv) Almost 20 percent of the patients of SARS grown the syndrome of acute respiratory distress, which needs invasive mechanical ventilation linked with the nosocomial growth of SARS

Summary

Introduction

SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) is a disease of respiratory virus belonging to the zoonotic origin, which is caused by coronavirus of SARS. During November 2002 till July 2003, an upsurge in South China of SARS was the reason behind the ultimate 8.098 cases, which results in the death of 774 people in 37 countries, with most of the cases in China (i.e., 9.6% rate of a fatality) as per the reports of WHO. There were no patients reported of SARS since the year 2004. SARS was a considerably unusual disease; by the end of the epidemic in the month of June 2003, there were 8422 patients reported with the fatality rate of 11 percent. The range of the case-fatality rate is from 0 percent to 50 percent, which depends on the age group of the infected patient. While diarrhea is usual among the patients of SARS, the route of the fecal-oral is not found to be the usual path for the transfer

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