Severe acute bronchiolitis in children: etiology, therapy, effectiveness of 3% hypertonic saline containing sodium hyaluronate

Abstract

Introduction. Acute bronchiolitis (АB) is a common infection in children under the age of 2 years. In modern clinical protocols, routine use of the studied drugs is not recommended. The effectiveness of a 3% hypertonic sodium chloride solution (HSCS) at vol.Аim. Тo study the etiology, risk factors, the therapy of acute care in children in intensive care units (ICU), the effectiveness of inhalations with 3% HSCS with hyaluronate sodium (HS) in comparison with therapy without the inclusion of this drug.Materials and methods. The medical documentation of 54 patients with AB from January 2021 to January 2023 who were treated in the ICU was analyzed. An ambispective comparative study of the effectiveness of therapy of 3% HSCS with HS AB was conducted in comparison with historical control.Results. Respiratory syncytial viral (RSV) etiology was established in 50% of patients. The most common risk factor for the disease was the age younger than 3 months (40.7%). The presence of risk factors for severe course of acute respiratory failure had an impact on the average bed-day and on the need for respiratory support (p = 0.04), in addition to which patients often received drug therapy. There were no statistically significant differences in the terms of hospitalization, the duration of respiratory support depending on the appointment of 3% of HSCS with HS (p > 0.05), however, there was an improvement in clinical and functional dynamics estimated by the modified clinical scale of Wood’s asthma by the 2nd day of the disease.Conclusion. AB in ICU patients most often has RSV etiology, developing in the presence of risk factors for severe course. The influence of modern guidelines for the treatment of AB in the ICU remains controversial. The addition of 3% HSCS with HS can improve the flow of AB.