Abstract
The impact of COVID-19 can be shown by life expectancy, excess death and total years of life lost (YLL). United States showed life expectancy minus 1.67 years, excess deaths 375,235 and total YLL 7,362,555. The excess death of Japan has remained minus value for long, in which long-term care facilities (LTCF) may contribute. LTCF has characteristic points as i) mutual interrelationships between hospitals, medical societies and prefectural offices, ii) rapid communication channels for regulatory official authorities, iii) high degree of citizenship and cooperation of all Japanese people for daily life and iv) mild lockdown without any punishment with declaration.
Highlights
The impact of COVID-19 can be shown by life expectancy, excess death and total years of life lost (YLL)
Japan seems to be from long-term people's precautions, such as maintaining social distancing, washing hands with alcohol, and wearing masks. These behaviors seemed to reduce the risk of pneumonia of COVID-19 and others
The impact of COVID-19 can be shown by 3 metrics, which are life expectancy, excess deaths, and total years of life lost (YLL)
Summary
The impact of COVID-19 can be shown by life expectancy, excess death and total years of life lost (YLL). COVID-19 pandemic has been a crucial medical and social problem. Authors presented reports from excess death rate, lifestyle, and integrative medicine (IM) [2]. The excess death in Japan has been minus value and remained extremely low [3].
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