Abstract
BackgroundPrevious studies looking at the relationship between sleep duration and the metabolic syndrome have only used a dichotomous approach (presence/absence) and failed to adjust for important confounding factors. The objective of the present study was to examine the association between self-reported sleep duration and features of the metabolic syndrome in adults.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis from the Quebec Family Study (Canada) was conducted on 810 participants aged 18 to 65 years. Participants were categorized as short (≤6 h), adequate (7–8 h) or long (≥9 h) sleepers. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s criteria.ResultsOverall, 24.6% of the sample had the metabolic syndrome. A U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (33.3%, 22.0% and 28.8% in short, adequate and long sleepers, respectively) was observed (P<0.01). Only short sleepers had a significant increase in the odds of having the metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.08–2.84) compared to adequate sleepers after adjustment for age, sex, smoking habits, highest education level, total annual family income, alcohol consumption, coffee intake, menopausal status, daily caloric intake, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Likewise, the clustered cardiometabolic risk score (i.e. continuous risk score based on the metabolic syndrome components) was significantly higher in short sleepers compared to adequate sleepers after adjustment for covariates (P<0.05).ConclusionSleeping ≤6 h per night is associated with an elevated cardiometabolic risk score and an increase in the odds of having the metabolic syndrome after adjusting for possible confounders. These results strongly suggest that short sleep duration is a risk factor for the metabolic syndrome.
Highlights
Insufficient sleep has become pervasive in modern societies, especially in children and adolescents, with 24/7 availability of commodities [1,2]
Previous studies only looked at the association between sleep duration and the metabolic syndrome as a dichotomous diagnosis, and none examined the relationship with a clustered cardiometabolic risk score
Short sleepers engaged in more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity compared to the two other sleep categories
Summary
Insufficient sleep has become pervasive in modern societies, especially in children and adolescents, with 24/7 availability of commodities [1,2]. The metabolic syndrome, a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors that predispose individuals to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, is a critical public health problem nowadays [16]. A small number of studies have recently shown that sleep duration is associated with the metabolic syndrome [18,19,20,21,22]. Previous studies only looked at the association between sleep duration and the metabolic syndrome as a dichotomous diagnosis (presence/absence), and none examined the relationship with a clustered cardiometabolic risk score. Previous studies looking at the relationship between sleep duration and the metabolic syndrome have only used a dichotomous approach (presence/absence) and failed to adjust for important confounding factors. The objective of the present study was to examine the association between self-reported sleep duration and features of the metabolic syndrome in adults
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