Abstract
One of the most important elements during photogrammetric studies is the appropriate lighting of the object or area under investigation. Nevertheless, the concept of “adequate lighting” is relative. Therefore, we have attempted, based on experimental proof of concept (technology readiness level—TRL3), to verify the impact of various types of lighting emitted by LED light sources for scene illumination and their direct influence on the quality of the photogrammetric study of a 3D urban mock-up. An important issue in this study was the measurement and evaluation of the artificial light sources used, based on illuminance (E), correlated colour temperature (CCT), colour rendering index (CRI) and Spectral power distribution (SPD) and the evaluation of the obtained point clouds (seven photogrammetric products of the same object, developed for seven different lighting conditions). The general values of the quality of the photogrammetric studies were compared. Additionally, we determined seventeen features concerning the group of tie-points in the vicinity of each F-point and the type of study. The acquired traits were related to the number of tie-points in the vicinity, their luminosities and spectral characteristics for each of the colours (red, green, blue). The dependencies between the identified features and the obtained XYZ total error were verified, and the possibility of detecting F-points depending on their luminosity was also analysed. The obtained results can be important in the process of developing a photogrammetric method of urban lighting monitoring or in selecting additional lighting for objects that are the subject of a short-range photogrammetric study.
Highlights
Difficult lighting conditions constitute a challenge for photogrammetry
We focus only on the illumination of 3D urban mock-up lighting scene(s)
We analysed a series of cases with different lighting scenes of a 3D urban lighting mock-up, as presented
Summary
Difficult lighting conditions constitute a challenge for photogrammetry. The principles of taking photogrammetric images often includes the fact that the developed object(s) (regardless of its position, either inside or outside the building) should be illuminated evenly, which may turn out to be a difficult task. Night-time aerial photogrammetry (at low and high level) is an important tool that enables artificial lighting monitoring [13,14]. This way, the obtained typical photogrammetric products, such as 3D models, point clouds and orthophoto maps, provide information on the object’s geometry, and on the relative luminosity, which is very important in the protection against artificial light pollution [15,16] which has a negative influence on human health, and on fauna and flora [17,18,19,20,21]
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