Abstract
The urgency of the problem under investigation is caused by the fact that the system of the settlement is the basis and the indicator showing the change in the spatial characteristics, as well as a measure and the reflector of the nature of social and economic processes in a particular area, in this case - Kazan County. The purpose of the article is to familiarize with the first attempts to implement spatial and statistical analysis of data on rural settlement in the middle of the XIX century using the methods of modern computer technology. Leading techniques to the study of this problem are the methods of spatial and spatial-statistical analysis of the data. To visualize the settlement structure of the Kazan district an electronic cartographic base was used, established on the basis of the map of 1910. The localization of the settlements accounted by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in 1859, and a spatial analysis of the current settlement system revealed the areas of the greatest concentration of the settlements, relatively uniform distribution of settlements on the existing three county units of the County and uneven distribution of different their types, socio-ethnic and religious heterogeneity of the population, the direction of the main vector of economic and economic development, the beginnings of the industrial production in the county. Study materials are the most time-consuming and defining step in the creation of the historical geographic information system (GIS).
Highlights
1.1 The Urgency of the ProblemThe study of the society, socio-economic processes, the historical experience of the interaction of various historical social structures - the interaction of cities and villages, multi-religious and multi-ethnic population make it necessary to study the spatial organization of the existing settlements in the Middle Volga region, which has become largely the result of colonization and economic development of the region
The localization of the settlements accounted by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in 1859, and a spatial analysis of the current settlement system revealed the areas of the greatest concentration of the settlements, relatively uniform distribution of settlements on the existing three county units of the County and uneven distribution of different their types, socio-ethnic and religious heterogeneity of the population, the direction of the main vector of economic and economic development, the beginnings of the industrial production in the county
The highest concentration of residential settlements was observed to the west and northwest of Kazan, along postal Arsky tract and near the shopping Galitsky tract which ran through the territory of the second and third county units
Summary
The study of the society, socio-economic processes, the historical experience of the interaction of various historical social structures - the interaction of cities and villages, multi-religious and multi-ethnic population make it necessary to study the spatial organization of the existing settlements in the Middle Volga region, which has become largely the result of colonization and economic development of the region. Settlement system reflects the spatial and demographic changes that took place as a result of new capitalist relations penetration into the village, reveals the changing forms of organization of the network of settlements, their status in the existing system, identify likely changes in the existing residential structure and prospects of development of human settlements and social strata. The planned establishment of geographic information system (GIS) spatial organization of settlements in the Middle Volga region in the second half of the XVI-XIX centuries. The reference to the issue of the settlement system in the Kazan district in the middle of the XIX century seems to be a necessary link in the realization of the aim
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