Abstract
Many highways have been built on the eastern coast of China in the past decades. Recently, some engineering problems have emerged after long-term operation. Due to the different properties between the underlying soil and bridge pile foundations, the problem of bumping at the bridge head is inevitable. To study the potential causes and provide insight for future improvement, the settlement of typical highways in the Hangzhou Bay area, which had been open to traffic for more than 10 years, was investigated. After an analytical calculation with the verification of the numerical method and field data, it was indicated that long-term deformation was mainly caused by the poor properties of the lower of the two layers that make up the underlying soil. The trend of the variation of the lower layer keeps increasing at a slow rate during the construction period, resulting in sustained and rapid changes during the following years. Different kinds of ground improvement such as lightweight materials and soil–cement columns generated by deep mixing or jet grouting methods are discussed. The improvement of the lower layer will be more effective. With the analytical method, it is convenient and efficient to calculate and analyse the settlement at different periods, which is significant for design.
Highlights
With the development of society and economy, an increasing number of highways have been built along the eastern coast of China in recent decades
The region around Hangzhou Bay is a typical location along the eastern coast suffering from increasing traffic
The settlement and consolidation behaviour of the foundation may be influenced by the properties of the silty sand, which is considered a granular material
Summary
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China. Due to the different properties between the underlying soil and bridge pile foundations, the problem of bumping at the bridge head is inevitable. After an analytical calculation with the verification of the numerical method and field data, it was indicated that long-term deformation was mainly caused by the poor properties of the lower of the two layers that make up the underlying soil. Different kinds of ground improvement such as lightweight materials and soil–cement columns generated by deep mixing or jet grouting methods are discussed. It is convenient and efficient to calculate and analyse the settlement at different periods, which is significant for design. A equivalent consolidation coefficient of ground improved by soil–cement columns c cohesion cvi coefficient of consolidation for ith layer dl density of replaced lightweight materials ds density of original embankment soil
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