Session 207 - Research Award Session: Behavioral Symptoms in Dementia: Etiology, Intervention, and Future Directions

Abstract

Abstract: Behavioral symptoms manifested by persons with dementia are often indicative of their discontent, and impact both them and their caregivers by increasing burden on caregivers and often resulting in restrictive or inappropriate care. Understanding the etiologies of behavioral symptoms and the principles of person-centered care can prevent many such behaviors and assist in treating others. Three major theoretical frameworks have guided the understanding of the etiology of behavioral symptoms: Behavioral theory, Lower Environmental Stress Threshold, and the unmet needs model. Each theory has specific implications for care. For proper preventive care, several principles need to be clarified. These pertain to the relationship between type of behavior manifested and type of underlying need, the continous nature of human needs, and the tailoring necessary for optimizing interventions. The common needs pertain to relief from pain and discomfort, need for social contacts to counter loneliness, and the need for engagement to counter boredom. The Comprehensive Process Model of Engagement highlights the factors affecting engagement in persons with dementia. This model has been extended to describe the factors impacting group activities. The presentation will illustrate research findings that support principles of care and prevention of behavioral symptoms, the actual delivery of care, as well as the structural and care requirements needed to achieve good care. Acknowledgement of the diversity among persons with dementia and caregivers, the need for assuring dignity of both, support of caregivers in applying research findings, flexibilty in care processes, and collaboration among formal and informal caregivers as well as within the interdisciplinary team are some of the ingredients necessary for improving quality of care of persons with dementia.