Serum Vitamin D3 and Osteocalcin Levels in Iraqi Females with Lupus Erythematosus and their Relationship to Disease Severity

Abstract

Background: Lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease that affects two or more joints and is characterized by inflammation, effusion, or pain that lasts at least 30 minutes in the morning. Musculoskeletal involvement is one of the most prevalent signs of SLE and can be present in up to 90% of patients. Objective: To evaluate the serum levels of vitamin D3 (Vit-D3) and osteocalcin (OC) in patients with SLE and their association with disease severity and other biomarkers. Methods: This case-controlled observational study was conducted on 131 women with SLE and 50 healthy individuals over a period of 4 months, from November 2022 until March 2023. All participants were subjected to laboratory investigations, including measurements of CBC, blood urea, serum creatinine, and ANA levels. A consultant doctor carried out clinical examinations to classify disease severity into three categories—inactive, mild, moderate, and severe—according to the Roma Helper program. Results: The levels of Vit-D and OC were significantly decreased in SLE patients, especially in the severe group (p<0.001). OC and Vit-D3 levels were negatively correlated with disease activity, while OC was positively correlated with HB. The results of Vit-D3 were positively correlated with RBC and negatively correlated with HB. Conclusion: Vit-D and OC levels were significantly decreased in females with SLE and negatively correlated with disease activity.