Abstract
Background: Low vitamin D increases the risk of immune-mediated disease (IMD) in human beings and rodent models. Vitamin D metabolites, particularly 1,25(OH)2D3, modulate gene expression of immune cells and may attenuate immune pathways that drive IMD.Hypothesis/objectives: Our primary hypothesis was that serum 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3, are reduced in patients with IMD and associate with poorer outcomes. We secondarily hypothesized serum 24,25(OH)2D3 would not be associated with disease or outcome. We also measured serum CXCL10 concentrations to determine if an increase occurs in dogs with IMD and in association with poorer survival.Animals: We enrolled dogs diagnosed with IMD (n = 29) and healthy control dogs (n = 9) in the study with informed client consent.Methods: Serum was collected and stored at −80°C until analyses. Serum vitamin D metabolites were measured by LC-MS/MS by an accredited laboratory. A commercially available canine-specific ELISA kit measured serum CXCL10.Results: Serum 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 were significantly reduced in dogs (n = 25) with IMD. Serum CXCL10 concentrations undetectable in all controls, and were 30 times higher overall in IMD dogs (n = 25; P = 0.004). CXL10 was, however, undetectable in 40% of dogs with IMD. Of the 60% of IMD dogs with increased CXCL10 concentrations, 5/25 had concentrations at the upper limit of quantification. The survival of those five dogs was significantly (P = 0.049) shorter (72 days) than all other dogs with IMD with measured CXCL10 concentrations. The median survival time (MST) for dogs with 25(OH)D3 concentrations ≤ the median was 106 days, while dogs with concentrations of 25(OH)D3 > the median did not achieve an MST.Conclusions and clinical importance: Serum 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3, but not 24,25(OH)2D3 levels are reduced dogs with IMD. Vitamin D metabolites and CXCL10 may be useful prognostic markers and may be targets for adjunct therapy in canine IMD. These data support the future investigation of vitamin D analogs in the treatment of canine IMD.
Highlights
Several immune-mediated diseases (IMD) afflict dogs and may have correlates to specific autoimmune conditions in human beings
Dogs in the IMD group ranged in age from 1 to 11 years of age at the time of diagnosis
The other category consisted of two dogs with concurrent immunemediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) and immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP) (Evan’slike syndrome), and one each of the following: immune-mediated pancytopenia, immune-mediated neutropenia, juvenile cellulitis, vasculitis with panniculitis, and non-specific immune-mediated cutaneous disease
Summary
Several immune-mediated diseases (IMD) afflict dogs and may have correlates to specific autoimmune conditions in human beings. True in human medicine, biomarkers refine the diagnosis, inform the prognosis and monitor treatment of immune-mediated or autoimmune diseases. One such biomarker is vitamin D or its metabolites. The liver converts dietary forms of vitamin D to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D3, calcidiol] This isoform has modest biologic activity compared to 1,25(OH)2D3 (calcitriol), which is synthesized primarily in the kidney [3]. We measured serum CXCL10 concentrations to determine if an increase occurs in dogs with IMD and in association with poorer survival.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
