Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether uric acid to creatinine (UA/Cr) ratio is associated with higher risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. 332 adult Saudi type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients were divided into UA/Cr tertiles. Risk for full MetS was significantly highest in individuals that constitutes the uppermost serum UA/Cr tertile [Odds ratio (OR): 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0–3.3; p < 0.001) after adjustment for age, gender and BMI. Similarly, risk for individual components of MetS like central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterol and hypertension was significantly highest in this tertile with OR’s of 2.61 (1.2–5.6), 1.42 (0.7–2.3), 1.45 (0.7–2.8) and 1.16 (0.6–2.2) respectively (all p-values < 0.001) after adjustment for age, gender, BMI and other components of MetS. Furthermore, serum UA/Cr levels increased with increasing number of MetS components (mean values of 4.44, 4.49, 4.64, 4.89 and 4.91 respectively for 1,2,3,4 and 5 MetS components, p-values < 0.001 after adjusting for age, gender and BMI). Our data suggest that serum UA/Cr in T2DM patients is strongly associated with full MetS as well as its individual components. These findings are of considerable clinical importance as serum UA/Cr may be used as a marker in the pathogenesis of MetS.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major worldwide public health problem and is defined as a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors like obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and hypertension[1]
General characteristics of subjects according to serum uric acid (UA)/Cr tertiles
The differences in the prevalence of individual components of MetS from highest versus lowest tertiles of serum uric acid to creatinine ratio’ (UA/Cr) was statistically significant in central obesity (64.4% in Ter[3] vs. 25.5% in Ter[1], p < 0.001) and low HDL-cholesterol (64.8% in Ter[3] vs. 48.6% in Ter[1], p = 0.001)
Summary
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major worldwide public health problem and is defined as a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors like obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and hypertension[1]. In a meta-analysis of 11 studies, MetS was reported to be associated with stage III CKD progression[8]. Both MetS and CKD are related to increased CVD events and the effect is cumulative if both are present[9]. We combined these two biomarkers in ‘serum uric acid to creatinine ratio’ (UA/Cr) This biomarker is studied before[18,19,20], it is yet to be studied in relation to metabolic syndrome and in a population where the prevalence of MetS and T2DM are high[21,22]. This study aimed to fill that gap and investigate association of serum UA/Cr with MetS and its components in Saudi T2DM patients
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